Covered Calls vs. Dividends – Option Trading For Income Investors
Trading options and investing in dividend stocks are two subjects that aren’t normally linked, but, by using a conservative option trading approach, selling covered calls, you can actually often double and sometimes even triple your yield on dividend paying stocks.
Selling covered calls is sometimes compared to taking out a limited insurance policy on your stocks, except that you get paid to take out this policy.
How? If you own a stock with options available, you can sell an option to call, (buy), your shares away from you at a given price, known as the strike price.
You’ll receive money, called a premium, for selling a call option. In fact, you’ll often receive a bigger $ amount per share by selling a call premium than you’re currently receiving as a dividend. This money reduces your net cost basis on the stock, hence the insurance analogy.
What’s the catch? By selling the call option, you’re obligating yourself to deliver x amount of shares of the underlying stock at a specific price – the strike price.
Each option contract corresponds to 100 shares of the underlying stock, so make sure that you own at least 100 shares of the stock BEFORE you try to sell calls against it.
Here are a few basic option terms that will help explain this option strategy:
Strike Price: The price attached to a given option contract, that a call seller is obligated to sell the underlying stock at to the buyer.
Call Bid Premium: The amount of $/share that call buyers are currently offering, (Bidding), for a given call option.
Expiration Date: The date that an option expires, which is normally on the 3rd Friday of the option’s contract month.
Option Chain: The listing of options available for a stock. These are arranged by calendar month. Normally, the months available revolve throughout the year: the front (current) month, the next month, one month per quarter, and the following January. Some more heavily traded stocks have more months available simultaneously.
What triggers the sale of your shares when you sell covered calls? If the price of the underlying stock rises to or past the combination of the strike price and the call premium you were paid, your shares will usually be “assigned”, (sold).
If you sold a $15 January call option and received $1.25, your shares would be assigned if the stock rose to or above $16.25.
Assignment normally happens at or near the expiration date.
Assigned Yield: The % yield a call seller receives when his shares assigned, calculated as follows: The difference between his basis cost on the underlying shares and the call’s strike price he sold at, dividend by his cost basis.
For example, if you sold that $15 call, and your cost basis on the stock was $14.00, you’d earn an additional $1.00/share, if your shares were assigned, which would equal an assigned yield of 7.14%. ($1.00 dividend by cost of $14.00).
Call Yield: The yield that the call seller receives for the call, calculated as follows: The call premium divided by the cost basis/share of the underlying shares.
In the above example, the call seller sold a call for $1.25, and the cost basis of the stock was $14.00. Therefore, his Static Yield equals 8.93%, ($1.25 divided by $14.00)
Most covered call sellers compare the amount of dividends they’d receive prior to the call’s expiration, to the amount of call premium they’d receive, to judge if it’s worth selling the call option or not.
Total Assigned Yield: The total of the dividends received, call premium received, and assigned yield received, all dividend by your cost basis of the stock.
In this example, if you’d received $.60/share in dividends during the investment term, plus $1.25 in call premium, plus $1.00 assigned yield differential, you’re total income on the trade would be $2.85, on a $14.00 stock. This equals a 20.36% Total Assigned Yield.
Total Static Yield: This is the combination of the dividends received or qualified for prior to expiration, plus the call premium received.
A Static Yield occurs when the stock DOESN’T rise to a price that is equal to or over the combination of the strike price and call premium, and the call seller’s shares are not sold.
To sum up, you can add up to 2 new income streams to your dividend income on any optionable stock, by selling covered calls against it.
We took a stock with a $.60 dividend, (a 4.3% dividend yield), and earned over twice as much $ in call premiums immediately, $1.25, (8.93% call yield), plus, we positioned ourselves for an additional $1.00/share if assigned, (7.14% assigned yield).
